Home Reef, a submarine volcano in Tonga, has entered its second eruption phase this year. Satellite imagery from 7 December confirmed a new lava flow descending the northern and western slopes, indicating fresh magma activity.
The eruption began approximately two days earlier, according to a report from Volcano Discovery.
This marks the second eruptive event of 2024, following activity in June and July. During that period, the Tonga Geological Services observed thermal anomalies and ash clouds. Mariners were advised to maintain a 4-kilometer distance from the area due to heightened activity.
Home Reef is situated between Metis Shoal and Late Island. Historical eruptions include a dramatic event in 1984, which produced a 12-kilometer-high plume and an ephemeral island.
A similar island-forming eruption occurred in 2006, generating extensive pumice rafts that reached Australia.
Currently, the Maritime Alert Level is Orange, while the Aviation Color Code remains at Yellow. Residents of nearby Vava’u and Ha’apai islands are on Green Alert, indicating no immediate danger.
Experts continue to monitor the volcano closely as the eruption evolves, emphasizing its potential impact on maritime navigation and local ecosystems.