A groundbreaking mental health survey in Tonga, funded by the New Zealand government, has revealed significant levels of psychological distress, highlighting an urgent need for improved mental health services in the country and across the Pacific.
The 2023 study, conducted by the University of Auckland’s Te Poutoko Ora a Kiwa – Centre for Pacific and Global Health, is the first national survey on mental health in Tonga. About 1,000 participants from four villages were surveyed.
Findings show that 6% of participants experienced psychological distress, while 2% were diagnosed with depression. It was alarming that none of the individuals with depression had ever consulted a mental health professional. And 6% of participants were found to have an alcohol use disorder.
“There’s a severe shortage of trained mental health workers in the islands,” said Professor Sir Collin Tukuitonga, co-lead of the study. “There’s only one psychiatrist in Tonga serving more than 100,000 people. It’s important to get better services there as fast as possible.”
Binge drinking was identified as a pressing issue in Tonga, contributing to traffic accidents and violence.
In comparison, the survey in Samoa found 8% of participants experienced psychological distress and 2% had depression. Women in Samoa were twice as likely as men to suffer from major depression, whereas men were five times more likely to have alcohol use disorder. Urban residents in Samoa were also more likely to experience distress, despite better access to services.
The study also noted that 96% of Tongans surveyed had never accessed a mental health professional. A similar 2013 World Health Organisation study on several Pacific countries reported over 90 percent of mental disorders lacked care or treatment.
The research recommends integrating mental health screening and treatment into primary healthcare to improve accessibility. It also calls for public health campaigns to reduce stigma and promote early intervention.
The findings shed light on broader challenges in Tonga, including weather-related trauma, poverty, and underemployment, which exacerbate mental health issues.
“This research is a wake-up call,” said Sir Collin. “We need to prioritize mental health as part of the broader healthcare system.”
Further surveys in Pacific nations, including Tokelau and Niue, are planned to expand the understanding of regional mental health needs.
